Essential Safe Sex Practices: Your Guide to Sexual Health

Safe sex is crucial for protecting against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. While discussing it might feel uncomfortable, practicing safer sex shows maturity and respect for both yourself and your partner. It’s not just about using condoms—it includes a variety of practices that reduce risks while maintaining pleasure and intimacy.

In this guide, we’ll cover key strategies for safer sex, bust myths, and offer tips you can start using right away, from open communication to choosing the right protection.

If you’re ever unsure about your sexual health or need professional support, NextCare is here to help. As one of the nation’s largest providers of urgent care services, NextCare offers STD testing and treatment, along with guidance on maintaining sexual health. You can easily find a nearby location and book an appointment for confidential testing and advice. Practicing safe sex goes hand-in-hand with staying informed about your sexual health status, so don’t hesitate to seek help when needed.

Understanding the Importance of Safer Sex

Safer sex isn’t just about avoiding pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). It’s about creating a foundation of trust, respect, and open communication with your partner(s). When we practice safer sex, we’re taking care of ourselves and showing consideration for others. Many people feel awkward discussing sexual health, but it’s a vital conversation. Being proactive about safer sex demonstrates maturity and self-respect. It allows you to enjoy intimate moments without nagging worries in the back of your mind.

STIs and Pregnancy Risks

Sexually transmitted infections are widespread – according to the CDC, there were nearly 2.5 million STI cases in the US in 2022. Many STIs don’t cause noticeable symptoms at first, so people can spread them without realizing it. Some of the most common STIs include:

• ⊕ Chlamydia
• ⊕ Gonorrhea
• ⊕ HPV (human papillomavirus)
• ⊕ Herpes
• ⊕ Syphilis
• ⊕ HIV

These infections can lead to serious health issues if left untreated, including infertility, chronic pain, and increased risk of certain cancers. HIV in particular can progress to AIDS if not managed properly. Unintended pregnancy is another important concern for many sexually active people. While some may want to become parents eventually, an unplanned pregnancy can derail life plans and goals. About 45% of pregnancies in the US are unintended, according to the Guttmacher Institute. The good news is that with consistent use of safe sex practices, you can dramatically reduce your risks of both STIs and unintended pregnancy. Let’s look at some of the most effective strategies.

Essential Safer Sex Tips for Everyone

Let’s dive into some key strategies for practicing safer sex:

1. Get Tested Regularly

One of the most important safer sex tips is to get tested for STIs regularly, especially if you have multiple partners. Many STIs don’t show symptoms initially, so testing is the only way to know your status for sure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual testing for sexually active individuals, with more frequent testing for those at higher risk.

2. Use Barriers Consistently

Condoms, dental dams, and other barrier methods are your first line of defense against STIs. Always use them for vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Remember, barriers are only effective if used correctly and consistently. Take time to learn proper usage techniques.

3. Communicate Openly

Honest communication is key to safer sex. Discuss sexual history, boundaries, and preferences with your partner(s) before getting intimate. It might feel awkward at first, but it gets easier with practice and builds trust.

4. Explore Non-Penetrative Options

Penetrative sex isn’t the only way to experience pleasure. Exploring activities like mutual masturbation, sensual massage, or using sex toys can be incredibly satisfying while reducing some risks associated with penetrative sex.

Beyond the Basics: Advanced Safer Sex Tips

Now that we’ve covered the essentials, let’s explore some less commonly discussed safer sex tips:

1. Consider PrEP for HIV Prevention

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a daily medication that can significantly reduce the risk of HIV infection. If you’re at higher risk for HIV, talk to your healthcare provider about whether PrEP might be right for you. The CDC provides comprehensive information on PrEP, including who should consider it and how to access it.

2. Practice Good Hygiene

Proper hygiene before, during, and after sexual activity can help prevent infections. This includes:

• ⊕ Washing hands thoroughly before and after sexual contact
• ⊕ Urinating after sex to help flush out bacteria
• ⊕ Cleaning sex toys properly between uses and partners

3. Be Mindful of Lubricant Choices

Using lubricant can enhance pleasure and reduce the risk of condom breakage. However, not all lubes are created equal. Water-based or silicone-based lubricants are generally safe to use with condoms, while oil-based lubes can degrade latex. Always check compatibility to ensure your safer sex practices remain effective.

4. Stay Informed About Vaccinations

Vaccines are available for some STIs, including HPV and Hepatitis B. Talk to your healthcare provider about which vaccinations might be appropriate for you.

Barrier Methods: Your First Line of Defense

When it comes to preventing both STIs and pregnancy, barrier methods are the MVP of safe sex practices. These physical barriers prevent the exchange of bodily fluids and reduce skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity.

External Condoms

External condoms (sometimes called male condoms) are thin sheaths that cover the penis during sex. When used correctly, they’re highly effective at preventing both STIs and pregnancy.  Consistent condom use can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by about 80% over the long term, according to a study published in the Lancet.

To get the most protection from condoms:

• ⊕ Use a new condom for every sex act
• ⊕ Put the condom on before any genital contact
• ⊕ Leave space at the tip and roll it all the way down
• ⊕ Hold the base when withdrawing
• ⊕ Never reuse condoms

Internal Condoms

Internal condoms (also called female condoms) are pouches inserted into the vagina or anus before sex. They provide similar protection to external condoms and give the receptive partner more control. Some people find them more comfortable or prefer the sensation compared to external condoms.

Dental Dams

For oral sex on a vulva or anus, dental dams create a barrier to prevent fluid exchange. You can buy pre-made dams or make your own by cutting open a condom or glove.

Birth Control Methods

While barrier methods pull double duty for STI and pregnancy prevention, other forms of birth control focus solely on preventing pregnancy. These methods can be used alongside condoms for extra protection. Some popular birth control options include:

It’s important to discuss birth control options with a healthcare provider to find the best fit for your needs and health history. Remember that these methods do not protect against STIs, so using condoms as well is recommended for safer sex practices.

Getting Tested Regularly

Regular STI testing is a crucial part of safe sex practices, even if you’re using protection consistently. Many STIs can be asymptomatic, meaning you could have an infection without realizing it. Getting tested allows you to catch and treat infections early, protecting your health and preventing transmission to partners. How often should you get tested?

The CDC recommends:

• ⊕ All adults and adolescents from ages 13 to 64 should be tested at least once for HIV
• ⊕ Annual chlamydia and gonorrhea screening for all sexually active women younger than 25 years
• ⊕ Annual screening for syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea for all sexually active gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM)
• ⊕ HIV testing at least annually for MSM

You may need more frequent testing if you have multiple or anonymous partners, engage in higher-risk activities, or have been exposed to an STI. Don’t hesitate to discuss your specific situation with a healthcare provider. Remember, getting tested isn’t just about your own health – it’s an act of care for your sexual partners too. Knowing your status allows you to make informed decisions and take steps to protect others if needed.

Communication: The Foundation of Safe Sex

While physical protection is crucial, open and honest communication with sexual partners is equally important for safe sex practices. Talking about sexual health, boundaries, and preferences can feel awkward at first, but it gets easier with practice.

Here are some tips for having these important conversations:

• ⊕ Choose a neutral time and place to talk, not in the heat of the moment
• ⊕ Be direct and honest about your concerns and expectations
• ⊕ Listen to your partner’s perspective without judgment
• ⊕ Discuss STI testing history and current status
• ⊕ Talk about birth control methods and who will be responsible for protection
• ⊕ Establish clear boundaries and respect each other’s limits

Remember, consent is an ongoing process. Check-in with your partner(s) regularly to ensure everyone is comfortable and enjoying themselves. It’s okay to change your mind or stop at any point.

Navigating Safer Sex in Different Situations

Safer sex practices may need to be adapted for different relationship dynamics or sexual preferences. Let’s explore some specific scenarios:

Non-Monogamous Relationships

If you’re in an open relationship or practicing ethical non-monogamy, clear communication becomes even more crucial. Establish agreements about safer sex practices with all partners involved. Regular testing and honest disclosure of any potential exposures are key to maintaining everyone’s health and trust.

LGBTQ+ Considerations

While many safer sex tips apply universally, some LGBTQ+ individuals may have specific health concerns. For example, men who have sex with men might consider more frequent HIV testing or using PrEP. Transgender individuals should discuss any hormone treatments with their healthcare provider to ensure they don’t interfere with contraception or STI prevention methods.

Safer Sex During Pregnancy

Pregnant individuals need to be extra cautious about STIs, as some can affect the developing fetus. Consistent condom use and regular testing remain important. Additionally, some sexual positions may be more comfortable or safer as the pregnancy progresses.

Safer Sex Practices for Different Activities

While we often think of “sex” as just penetrative intercourse, there are many ways to be intimate. Different activities carry different levels of risk, so it’s important to understand how to practice safer sex in various situations.

Oral Sex

Oral sex carries a lower risk of STI transmission than penetrative sex, but it’s not risk-free. Use a condom for oral sex on a penis, or a dental dam for oral sex on a vulva or anus. Avoid oral sex if you have any cuts or sores in your mouth, or if your partner has visible sores on their genitals.

Anal Sex

Anal sex carries a higher risk of STI transmission, particularly for HIV. Always use a condom and plenty of water-based lubricant. Never move from anal to vaginal sex without changing the condom, as this can lead to infections.

Sex Toys

If sharing sex toys, use a new condom on the toy for each partner or clean thoroughly between uses. Silicone, stainless steel, or hard plastic toys are easiest to clean and disinfect.

Non-Penetrative Activities

Activities like mutual masturbation, dry humping, and massage carry very low STI risk. However, some infections can still spread through skin-to-skin contact or if fluids are shared. Washing hands before and after sexual contact is a good practice.

FAQs about safe sex practices