What is Asthma? Symptoms, Triggers, and Management Tips

Managing asthma effectively requires a combination of understanding your triggers, following a treatment plan, and knowing when to seek medical attention. In this blog, we’ll explore the symptoms, common triggers, and treatment options for asthma.

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What is Asthma?

Asthma is a condition that causes swelling of the airways while also causing the production of excess mucus, making it very difficult to breathe. In addition to difficulty breathing, it can also trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.

For some, asthma is only a minor nuisance, but it can be a major problem for others, interfering in their daily activities and possibly leading to a life-threatening asthma attack.

Although asthma cannot be cured, the symptoms can be controlled. We will dive deeper into the symptoms and how you can control them later on in this guide.

Asthma Symptoms

As with many conditions, it’s important to remember that symptoms of asthma can often vary from person to person, but there are some that are more commonly seen. 

We have listed a few of these symptoms below:

• ⊕ Shortness of breath
• ⊕ Chest tightness or pain
• ⊕ Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children
• ⊕ Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing.
• ⊕ Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or flu.

If you’re experiencing any of these asthma symptoms and need quick relief, NextCare offers walk-in services to assess your condition and provide the necessary care

Common Triggers of Asthma

While the underlying cause of asthma is not fully understood, we know that certain triggers can set off an asthma attack. Asthma triggers are not universal; what affects one person may not bother another. Identifying your triggers is a crucial step in managing your condition. Here’s a look at some common asthma triggers:

Allergens

For many, allergens are the biggest culprits behind asthma flare-ups. Airborne substances such as pollen, dust mites, mold spores, pet dander, and even particles of cockroach waste can cause your immune system to overreact.

This triggers airway inflammation, leading to those dreaded asthma symptoms. If you think you might have allergic asthma, allergy testing can be very helpful.

Respiratory Infections

Respiratory infections, especially viral ones like the common cold and flu, are a well-known asthma attack trigger. These viruses can irritate the airways and worsen existing inflammation, which can be especially problematic for individuals with a history of childhood asthma.

Physical Activity

Although exercise is beneficial for overall health, it can be an asthma trigger for some. Exercise-induced asthma occurs when vigorous physical activity causes the airways to narrow, leading to shortness of breath and wheezing. It is one of the many risk factors to be aware of when understanding how to monitor asthma.

Irritants

Various environmental irritants can also trigger asthma symptoms. This includes tobacco smoke (both firsthand and secondhand), air pollution, strong odors, and chemical fumes.

Even changes in weather, particularly cold air, can irritate sensitive airways, leading to difficulty breathing. Occupational asthma is triggered by inhaling substances like dust, fumes, or gases at work.

Stress and Emotions

Believe it or not, strong emotions and stress can impact your asthma. They can cause changes in breathing patterns, triggering symptoms. If you find that you have trouble sleeping at night due to your asthma, this is called nocturnal asthma.

Food and Additives

In some cases, food allergies or sensitivities can lead to asthma symptoms. Certain food additives, such as sulfites commonly found in processed foods and beverages, can also trigger attacks in susceptible individuals.

Heartburn can trigger asthma symptoms due to stomach acid irritating the airways. It’s important to identify any food-related triggers and avoid them.

Different Types of Asthma

Asthma presents itself differently in individuals. While some people experience intermittent asthma attacks with long periods of symptom-free living, others experience symptoms more frequently.

Understanding the different types of asthma can be beneficial for diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies. Knowing what type of asthma you have will help your doctor determine how to monitor asthma symptoms most effectively.

Intermittent Asthma

This type of asthma is characterized by occasional symptoms, occurring less than twice a week. Nighttime awakenings due to asthma are infrequent, happening less than twice a month.

Intermittent asthma typically has minimal impact on daily life between flare-ups. Managing your asthma is important because if left unmanaged, it could worsen asthma symptoms.

Mild Persistent Asthma

This type means your asthma symptoms are present more often, occurring more than twice a week but less than daily. You may also wake up at night a few times a month due to your asthma.

Mild persistent asthma might start affecting your daily activities a little. If your symptoms worsen asthma, you should talk to your doctor about possible changes to your treatment plan.

Moderate Persistent Asthma

Here, you’re likely to have daily asthma symptoms, requiring the daily use of an inhaler. Nighttime symptoms happen more than once a week.

Moderate persistent asthma significantly impacts daily activities and sleep. A peak flow meter can be used to measure how well air moves out of your lungs, which can be helpful for managing moderate persistent asthma.

Severe Persistent Asthma

This is the most serious type, with symptoms present throughout the day and frequent nighttime awakenings. Severe persistent asthma requires regular medical attention and stronger medication, and it drastically impacts your ability to engage in daily life activities.

There is also severe asthma and it is the most challenging to control. You may experience wheezing coughing, as well as symptoms flare ups if you have severe persistent asthma.

You also might have a severe asthma attack and need more serious medical care, up to hospitalization in extreme cases. Status asthmaticus is life-threatening and should be addressed by medical personnel immediately. The different causes of asthma need to be assessed by a doctor. Doctors have studied asthma for years and it is a major part of our healthcare system.

Seeking Diagnosis

While this information offers a general overview, self-diagnosing is not recommended. If you suspect you might have asthma, a visit to your healthcare provider is a must.

They will evaluate your symptoms, medical history, and family history of allergic conditions. To accurately diagnose asthma, your doctor may order different tests, like spirometry.

Spirometry measures how well your lungs work and helps pinpoint whether asthma is causing your breathing difficulties. It assesses the amount of air you can breathe in and out, as well as how quickly you can exhale. The information from these tests can also help your doctor determine the severity of your asthma and develop an individualized treatment plan.

Living with Asthma: Control and Management

What is asthma’s effect on quality of life? Living with asthma can be challenging, but with the right strategies, it doesn’t have to control your life. Here are some essential ways to manage asthma and improve your quality of life:

Understanding Asthma Action Plans

This individualized, written plan, created in collaboration with your healthcare provider, outlines how to manage your asthma effectively.

Action Plans help you recognize worsening symptoms, take appropriate medications, and know when to seek emergency care. Think of it as your personalized guide to navigate your asthma journey.

What the action plan should be to address the issue depends on several different factors such as environment and types of symptoms.

Medication Management

Medications are usually prescribed to keep asthma symptoms under control and prevent future flare-ups. This often includes:

• ⊕ Inhaled Corticosteroids: These long-term control medications reduce inflammation in the airways.
• ⊕ Bronchodilators: These “rescue inhalers” provide quick relief from asthma symptoms by relaxing the airway muscles and opening them up.
• ⊕ Biologic Therapies: For those with severe persistent asthma, newer biologic medications can help target specific immune responses that contribute to asthma.

It’s important to note that these are broad categories, and each type of medication has several specific variations available. Your doctor will recommend the right combination for you based on the severity and frequency of your symptoms.

Identifying and Avoiding Asthma Triggers

Knowing your personal asthma trigger is half the battle won. Whether it’s certain pollens, pet dander, dust mites, mold, or even specific foods, figuring out what sets off your asthma allows you to actively avoid them.

This could involve keeping a diary to track your symptoms and potential exposures. If fragrance bothers you, you may need to find different laundry products or cleaning solutions. Learn to notice even the sneaky allergy and asthma triggers, like changes in weather, to avoid asthma attacks.

Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle

While this might sound obvious, making simple yet significant changes in your daily routine can support your asthma management journey. It’s about understanding and adapting. This includes eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise (talk to your doctor about asthma-safe routines), maintaining a healthy weight, managing stress through relaxation techniques or meditation, and, most importantly, quitting smoking.

Research suggests that maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help reduce inflammation throughout the body, including in your airways. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention emphasizes that quitting smoking and avoiding secondhand smoke can drastically reduce asthma symptoms and severity. You can find additional tips for preventing asthma symptoms on credible websites.

Environmental Control

Creating an asthma-friendly environment in your home is critical. Use dust mite covers on your bedding. Frequently wash your sheets and pillowcases in hot water.

Get your carpets and rugs professionally cleaned, or replace them with hard-surface flooring. A good air purifier, especially one with HEPA filtration, can be a good investment.

Conclusion

Managing asthma involves recognizing your symptoms, identifying triggers, and having an effective treatment plan in place. With the right care, asthma can be controlled, allowing you to live a full and active life. 

Whether you’re experiencing an asthma flare-up or need help developing an action plan, NextCare is ready to provide the support and treatment you need to breathe easier.